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Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the principles and procedures for designing and carrying out scientific investigations.
- Recognize methods and criteria for collecting, organizing, analyzing, and numerically and graphically presenting scientific data.
- Recognize the evidential basis of scientific claims.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the safety procedures and hazards associated with chemical investigations and the materials, equipment, and measurement standards used in chemistry.
- Apply basic mathematical procedures and concepts of uncertainty in reporting data and solving problems in chemistry.
Sample Item:
Which of the following is best accomplished using a mass spectrometer?
- determining the percent abundance of an element's natural isotopes
- determining the triple point of an unknown substance
- determining the reaction rate for a chemical reaction involving a gas
- determining the electronegativity value of an element
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
A. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of the
equipment used in chemistry. A mass spectrometer measures the masses and relative
abundance of atomic or molecular ions in a sample. These numerical values can be used
to calculate the percent abundance of an element's natural isotopes.
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the historical development of major scientific ideas.
- Demonstrate knowledge of major contemporary theories, laws, models, and concepts in physics, biology, and Earth and space science.
- Demonstrate knowledge of unifying themes, principles, and relationships that connect the different branches of the sciences and the uses and limitations of models.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the nature of science and its characteristics as a system of inquiry.
Sample Item:
DNA → RNA → protein
Which of the following biological processes does the pathway shown above summarize?
- mitosis
- cellular respiration
- meiosis
- gene expression
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of major
contemporary concepts in biology. DNA is a molecule that stores genetic information in
cells. The pathway shows the translation of genetic information from DNA to RNA to
protein, a process that leads to the active expression of genetic information.
Descriptive Statements:
- Analyze the interrelationships among chemistry, technology, engineering, mathematics, and society.
- Evaluate scientific research and the coverage of science in the media.
- Analyze social, economic, and ethical issues associated with technological and scientific developments.
Sample Item:
Flexible polyurethane foams are used in many commercial products, such as upholstered
furniture, bedding, automobile seats, and sponges. An important component in the
manufacturing of flexible polyurethane foams are polyols, which are typically derived
from petroleum products. In 2007, Cargill, Incorporated, was awarded a Presidential
Green Chemistry Challenge Award from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its
research into polyols made from renewable biological resources. The quality and
performance of the polyurethane foam made from these non-petroleum-based polyols proved
comparable to the quality and performance of the polyurethane foam made from petroleum-based
polyols.
The passage above illustrates which of the following about the relationships among
science, technology, and society?
- Private industry is reluctant to comply with EPA standards without strict government oversight.
- Chemistry research can play a significant role in solving major environmental problems.
- Environmentally friendly technologies can only be competitive with government support.
- Applied chemistry research is increasing due to a decrease in public funding for basic research.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. This question requires the examinee to analyze the interrelationships
among science, technology, and society. Knowledge of chemistry can be used to assess
existing manufacturing protocols and to propose alternative procedures. These new
procedures can play a significant role in mitigating the environmental problems facing
society.
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